Chapter: Indian Economy
In India, a cultivable land which is left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years is labelled as
The classification in question relates to land management in India, specifically regarding fallow land. Fallow land is categorized based on the duration for which it has been left uncultivated. The key terms include:
Understanding the definitions is vital for effective land use management in agriculture:
To recall the terms related to fallow land:
Verified against standard agricultural land classification guidelines as per the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Government of India.
Maize (makka) was introduced in India in the seventeenth century via :
Option B is correct. Maize was introduced in India in the seventeenth century via the route of Africa and Spain.
Maize, also known as corn, was introduced to India from external regions during the seventeenth century. This staple crop was likely brought by explorers and traders during the age of discovery.
Mnemonic: Remember 'Spain’s gain was India’s maize.' This links the introduction of maize (gain) from Africa and Spain to India.
Major crops, including maize, were often introduced through international trade routes, highlighting the global nature of agricultural development.
Consider a world map diagram tracing the trade routes from Spain and Africa to India used for introducing crops such as maize. Visualize paths and methods during the era of exploration.
Directions: Read the following passage carefullyand answer the items that follow the passage. Your answers to these items should be based solely on the passage.
Can agricultural productivity meet human needsin the long run? Since twentieth century advanc-es, given increasing costs, do not seem sustainable,further increases in output will not be achieved eas-ily. Global population growth, while showing signsof slowing down, has pushed farmers and herdersinto areas unsuited to intensive agriculture, accel-erating worldwide ecological disruptions. Reserves of arable land and fresh water have diminished alarmingly. Chemical runoffs have compounded pollution problems. Invasion of natural habitat shave hastened species extinction. Desertification has been severe in the last hundred years, especial-ly in North Africa, southern portions of Africa, Aus-tralia, northern Mexico, and the American South-west. Tropical forests have shrunk by one-half since World War II, with agricultural pressures causing three-quarters of that loss. Government interven-tion has produced its share of catastrophes, ranging from a terrible famine in China between 1958-1961that may have killed 30 million people and de-stroyed the Aral Sea. Taking everything into con-sideration, we may remain hopeful about human-kind’s agricultural prospects, but we can scarcely look forward optimistically at the end of the first quarter of the twenty-first century.
Why do twentieth century advances not seem sustainable?
The passage examines agricultural productivity and its sustainability concerns, emphasizing increased costs since the twentieth century as a primary factor impacting growth.
To remember the correlation between agricultural advancements and costs, think of the acronym "COST": Conflicts with ecology, Output pressure, Sustainability, Trends in rising expenses.
Verified against G.C. Leong's Geography and NCERT materials on agricultural economics.
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the items that follow the passage. Your answers to these items should be based solely on the passage.Can agricultural productivity meet human needs in the long run? Since twentieth century advanc-es, given increasing costs, do not seem sustainable,further increases in output will not be achieved eas-ily. Global population growth, while showing signs of slowing down, has pushed farmers and herders into areas unsuited to intensive agriculture, accel-erating worldwide ecological disruptions. Reservesof arable land and fresh water have diminished alarmingly. Chemical runoffs have compounded pollution problems. Invasion of natural habitats have hastened species extinction. Desertification has been severe in the last hundred years, especial-ly in North Africa, southern portions of Africa, Aus-tralia, northern Mexico, and the American South-west. Tropical forests have shrunk by one-half since World War II, with agricultural pressures causing three-quarters of that loss. Government interven-tion has produced its share of catastrophes, rangingfrom a terrible famine in China between 1958-1961that may have killed 30 million people and de-stroyed the Aral Sea. Taking everything into con-sideration, we may remain hopeful about human-kind’s agricultural prospects, but we can scarcely look forward optimistically at the end of the first quarter of the twenty-first century.
What pushes farmers into places unsuited foragriculture?
The passage emphasizes the impact of global population growth on agricultural land use, noting that increased population density drives farmers into less suitable regions for agriculture.
Remember: POPulation increase leads to the PUSH into less viable lands.
Verified against environmental studies highlighting agriculture's response to population dynamics.
Can agricultural productivity meet human needsin the long run? Since twentieth century advanc-es, given increasing costs, do not seem sustainable,further increases in output will not be achieved eas-ily. Global population growth, while showing signsof slowing down, has pushed farmers and herdersinto areas unsuited to intensive agriculture, accel-erating worldwide ecological disruptions. Reserves of arable land and fresh water have diminished alarmingly. Chemical runoffs have compounded pollution problems. Invasion of natural habitat shave hastened species extinction. Desertification has been severe in the last hundred years, especial-ly in North Africa, southern portions of Africa, Aus-tralia, northern Mexico, and the American South-west. Tropical forests have shrunk by one-half since World War II, with agricultural pressures causing three-quarters of that loss. Government interven-tion has produced its share of catastrophes, ranging from a terrible famine in China between 1958-1961that may have killed 30 million people and de-stroyed the Aral Sea. Taking everything into con-sideration, we may remain hopeful about human-kind’s agricultural prospects, but we can scarcely look forward optimistically at the end of the first quarter of the twenty-first century.
Which one of the following is NOT true,according to the passage, for ecological degradation?
The passage discusses ecological degradation linked to agriculture, emphasizing factors such as population growth and unsustainable practices while providing historical context relating to World War II.
Remember: "Growth, Chemicals, Desertification" captures the key ecological factors affecting agriculture and the environment.
Verified against environmental science literature and ecological impact studies.
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